/*
 * Copyright (c) 2018-2024, Andreas Kling <andreas@ladybird.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2023-2025, Sam Atkins <sam@ladybird.org>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 */

#include <LibJS/Runtime/ExternalMemory.h>
#include <LibWeb/Bindings/CSSStyleProperties.h>
#include <LibWeb/Bindings/ExceptionOrUtils.h>
#include <LibWeb/Bindings/Intrinsics.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/CSSRule.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/CSSStyleProperties.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/CSSStyleSheet.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/ComputedProperties.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/Parser/Parser.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/PropertyNameAndID.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleComputer.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleSheetInvalidation.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ColorFunctionStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/FunctionStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/KeywordStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/LengthStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/NumberStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/PendingSubstitutionStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/PercentageStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ShorthandStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValueList.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/TimeStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/TransformationStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/DOM/Document.h>
#include <LibWeb/DOM/Element.h>
#include <LibWeb/HTML/Navigable.h>
#include <LibWeb/Infra/Strings.h>
#include <LibWeb/Layout/Node.h>
#include <LibWeb/Painting/BoxModelMetrics.h>
#include <LibWeb/Painting/PaintableBox.h>

namespace Web::CSS {

GC_DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(CSSStyleProperties);

GC::Ref<CSSStyleProperties> CSSStyleProperties::create(JS::Realm& realm, Vector<StyleProperty> properties, OrderedHashMap<FlyString, StyleProperty> custom_properties)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstylerule-style
    // The style attribute must return a CSSStyleProperties object for the style rule, with the following properties:
    //     computed flag: Unset.
    //     readonly flag: Unset.
    //     declarations: The declared declarations in the rule, in specified order.
    //     parent CSS rule: The context object.
    //     owner node: Null.
    return realm.create<CSSStyleProperties>(realm, Computed::No, Readonly::No, convert_declarations_to_specified_order(properties), move(custom_properties), OptionalNone {});
}

GC::Ref<CSSStyleProperties> CSSStyleProperties::create_resolved_style(JS::Realm& realm, Optional<DOM::AbstractElement> element_reference)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-window-getcomputedstyle
    // 6.  Return a live CSSStyleProperties object with the following properties:
    //     computed flag: Set.
    //     readonly flag: Set.
    //     declarations: decls.
    //     parent CSS rule: Null.
    //     owner node: obj.
    // AD-HOC: Rather than instantiate with a list of decls, they're generated on demand.
    return realm.create<CSSStyleProperties>(realm, Computed::Yes, Readonly::Yes, Vector<StyleProperty> {}, OrderedHashMap<FlyString, StyleProperty> {}, move(element_reference));
}

GC::Ref<CSSStyleProperties> CSSStyleProperties::create_element_inline_style(DOM::AbstractElement element_reference, Vector<StyleProperty> properties, OrderedHashMap<FlyString, StyleProperty> custom_properties)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-elementcssinlinestyle-style
    // The style attribute must return a CSS declaration block object whose readonly flag is unset, whose parent CSS
    // rule is null, and whose owner node is the context object.
    auto& realm = element_reference.element().realm();
    return realm.create<CSSStyleProperties>(realm, Computed::No, Readonly::No, convert_declarations_to_specified_order(properties), move(custom_properties), move(element_reference));
}

CSSStyleProperties::CSSStyleProperties(JS::Realm& realm, Computed computed, Readonly readonly, Vector<StyleProperty> properties, OrderedHashMap<FlyString, StyleProperty> custom_properties, Optional<DOM::AbstractElement> owner_node)
    : CSSStyleDeclaration(realm, computed, readonly)
    , m_properties(move(properties))
    , m_custom_properties(move(custom_properties))
{
    set_owner_node(move(owner_node));
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#concept-declarations-specified-order
Vector<StyleProperty> CSSStyleProperties::convert_declarations_to_specified_order(Vector<StyleProperty>& declarations)
{
    // The specified order for declarations is the same as specified, but with shorthand properties expanded into their
    // longhand properties, in canonical order. If a property is specified more than once (after shorthand expansion), only
    // the one with greatest cascading order must be represented, at the same relative position as it was specified.
    Vector<StyleProperty> specified_order_declarations;

    for (auto declaration : declarations) {
        StyleComputer::for_each_property_expanding_shorthands(declaration.property_id, declaration.value, [&](CSS::PropertyID longhand_id, CSS::StyleValue const& longhand_property_value) {
            auto existing_entry_index = specified_order_declarations.find_first_index_if([&](StyleProperty const& existing_declaration) { return existing_declaration.property_id == longhand_id; });

            if (existing_entry_index.has_value()) {
                // If there is an existing entry for this property and it is a higher cascading order than the current entry, skip the current entry.
                if (specified_order_declarations[existing_entry_index.value()].important == Important::Yes && declaration.important == Important::No)
                    return;

                // Otherwise the existing entry has a lower cascading order and is removed.
                specified_order_declarations.remove(existing_entry_index.value());
            }

            specified_order_declarations.append(StyleProperty {
                .important = declaration.important,
                .property_id = longhand_id,
                .value = longhand_property_value });
        });
    }

    return specified_order_declarations;
}

void CSSStyleProperties::initialize(JS::Realm& realm)
{
    WEB_SET_PROTOTYPE_FOR_INTERFACE(CSSStyleProperties);
    Base::initialize(realm);
}

void CSSStyleProperties::visit_edges(Visitor& visitor)
{
    Base::visit_edges(visitor);
    for (auto& property : m_properties) {
        property.value->visit_edges(visitor);
    }
}

size_t CSSStyleProperties::external_memory_size() const
{
    auto size = Base::external_memory_size();
    size = JS::saturating_add_external_memory_size(size, JS::vector_external_memory_size(m_properties));
    size = JS::saturating_add_external_memory_size(size, JS::hash_map_external_memory_size(m_custom_properties));
    return size;
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyledeclaration-length
size_t CSSStyleProperties::length() const
{
    // The length attribute must return the number of CSS declarations in the declarations.
    if (is_computed()) {
        if (!owner_node().has_value())
            return 0;
        return number_of_longhand_properties;
    }

    return m_properties.size() + m_custom_properties.size();
}

String CSSStyleProperties::item(size_t index) const
{
    // The item(index) method must return the property name of the CSS declaration at position index.
    // If there is no indexth object in the collection, then the method must return the empty string.
    auto custom_properties_count = m_custom_properties.size();

    if (index >= length())
        return {};

    if (is_computed()) {
        auto property_id = static_cast<PropertyID>(index + to_underlying(first_longhand_property_id));
        return string_from_property_id(property_id).to_string();
    }

    if (index < custom_properties_count) {
        auto keys = m_custom_properties.keys();
        return keys[index].to_string();
    }

    return CSS::string_from_property_id(m_properties[index - custom_properties_count].property_id).to_string();
}

Optional<StyleProperty> CSSStyleProperties::get_property(PropertyID property_id) const
{
    return get_property_internal(PropertyNameAndID::from_id(property_id));
}

Optional<StyleProperty const&> CSSStyleProperties::custom_property(FlyString const& custom_property_name) const
{
    if (is_computed()) {
        if (!owner_node().has_value())
            return {};

        auto& element = owner_node()->element();
        auto pseudo_element = owner_node()->pseudo_element();

        element.document().update_style();

        auto data = element.custom_property_data(pseudo_element);
        if (!data)
            return {};

        if (auto const* property = data->get(custom_property_name))
            return *property;

        return {};
    }

    return m_custom_properties.get(custom_property_name);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyledeclaration-setproperty
WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> CSSStyleProperties::set_property(FlyString const& property_name, StringView value, StringView priority)
{
    // 1. If the computed flag is set, then throw a NoModificationAllowedError exception.
    if (is_computed())
        return WebIDL::NoModificationAllowedError::create(realm(), "Cannot modify properties in result of getComputedStyle()"_utf16);

    // 2. If property is not a custom property, follow these substeps:
    //    1. Let property be property converted to ASCII lowercase.
    //    2. If property is not a case-sensitive match for a supported CSS property, then return.
    // NB: This is handled inside PropertyNameAndID::from_string().
    auto property = PropertyNameAndID::from_name(property_name);
    if (!property.has_value())
        return {};

    // NB: The remaining steps are implemented in set_property_internal().
    return set_property_internal(property.release_value(), value, priority);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyledeclaration-setproperty
WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> CSSStyleProperties::set_property_internal(PropertyNameAndID const& property, StringView value, StringView priority)
{
    // NB: Steps 1 and 2 only apply to the IDL method that invokes this.

    // 3. If value is the empty string, invoke removeProperty() with property as argument and return.
    if (value.is_empty()) {
        MUST(remove_property_internal(property));
        return {};
    }

    // 4. If priority is not the empty string and is not an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "important", then return.
    if (!priority.is_empty() && !priority.equals_ignoring_ascii_case("important"sv))
        return {};

    // 5. Let component value list be the result of parsing value for property property.
    auto component_value_list = owner_node().has_value()
        ? parse_css_value(Parser::ParsingParams { owner_node()->element().document() }, value, property.id())
        : parse_css_value(Parser::ParsingParams {}, value, property.id());

    // 6. If component value list is null, then return.
    if (!component_value_list)
        return {};

    // 7. Let updated be false.
    bool updated = false;

    // 8. If property is a shorthand property,
    if (property_is_shorthand(property.id())) {
        // then for each longhand property longhand that property maps to, in canonical order, follow these substeps:
        StyleComputer::for_each_property_expanding_shorthands(property.id(), *component_value_list, [this, &updated, priority](PropertyID longhand_property_id, StyleValue const& longhand_value) {
            // 1. Let longhand result be the result of set the CSS declaration longhand with the appropriate value(s) from component value list,
            //    with the important flag set if priority is not the empty string, and unset otherwise, and with the list of declarations being the declarations.
            // 2. If longhand result is true, let updated be true.
            updated |= set_a_css_declaration(longhand_property_id, longhand_value, !priority.is_empty() ? Important::Yes : Important::No);
        });
    }
    // 9. Otherwise,
    else {
        if (property.is_custom_property()) {
            StyleProperty style_property {
                .important = !priority.is_empty() ? Important::Yes : Important::No,
                .property_id = property.id(),
                .value = component_value_list.release_nonnull(),
            };
            m_custom_properties.set(property.name(), style_property);
            updated = true;
        } else {
            // let updated be the result of set the CSS declaration property with value component value list,
            // with the important flag set if priority is not the empty string, and unset otherwise,
            // and with the list of declarations being the declarations.
            updated = set_a_css_declaration(property.id(), *component_value_list, !priority.is_empty() ? Important::Yes : Important::No);
        }
    }

    // 10. If updated is true, update style attribute for the CSS declaration block.
    if (updated) {
        update_style_attribute();

        // Non-standard: Invalidate style for the owners of our containing sheet, if any.
        invalidate_owners(DOM::StyleInvalidationReason::CSSStylePropertiesSetProperty);
    }

    return {};
}

WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> CSSStyleProperties::set_property(PropertyID property_id, StringView css_text, StringView priority)
{
    return set_property_internal(PropertyNameAndID::from_id(property_id), css_text, priority);
}

static NonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const> style_value_for_length_percentage(LengthPercentage const& length_percentage)
{
    if (length_percentage.is_percentage())
        return PercentageStyleValue::create(length_percentage.percentage());
    if (length_percentage.is_length())
        return LengthStyleValue::create(length_percentage.length());
    return length_percentage.calculated();
}

static NonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const> style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(LengthPercentageOrAuto const& length_percentage)
{
    if (length_percentage.is_auto())
        return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::Auto);
    if (length_percentage.is_percentage())
        return PercentageStyleValue::create(length_percentage.percentage());
    if (length_percentage.is_length())
        return LengthStyleValue::create(length_percentage.length());
    return length_percentage.calculated();
}

static NonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const> style_value_for_size(Size const& size)
{
    if (size.is_none())
        return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::None);
    if (size.is_percentage())
        return PercentageStyleValue::create(size.percentage());
    if (size.is_length())
        return LengthStyleValue::create(size.length());
    if (size.is_auto())
        return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::Auto);
    if (size.is_calculated())
        return size.calculated();
    if (size.is_min_content())
        return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::MinContent);
    if (size.is_max_content())
        return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::MaxContent);
    if (size.is_fit_content()) {
        if (auto available_space = size.fit_content_available_space(); available_space.has_value())
            return FunctionStyleValue::create("fit-content"_fly_string, style_value_for_length_percentage(available_space.release_value()));
        return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::FitContent);
    }
    TODO();
}

static RefPtr<StyleValue const> style_value_for_shadow(ShadowStyleValue::ShadowType shadow_type, Vector<ShadowData> const& shadow_data)
{
    if (shadow_data.is_empty())
        return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::None);

    auto make_shadow_style_value = [shadow_type](ShadowData const& shadow) {
        return ShadowStyleValue::create(
            shadow_type,
            ColorStyleValue::create_from_color(shadow.color, ColorSyntax::Modern),
            style_value_for_length_percentage(shadow.offset_x),
            style_value_for_length_percentage(shadow.offset_y),
            style_value_for_length_percentage(shadow.blur_radius),
            style_value_for_length_percentage(shadow.spread_distance),
            shadow.placement);
    };

    if (shadow_data.size() == 1)
        return make_shadow_style_value(shadow_data.first());

    StyleValueVector style_values;
    style_values.ensure_capacity(shadow_data.size());
    for (auto& shadow : shadow_data)
        style_values.unchecked_append(make_shadow_style_value(shadow));

    return StyleValueList::create(move(style_values), StyleValueList::Separator::Comma);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyledeclaration-getpropertyvalue
String CSSStyleProperties::get_property_value(FlyString const& property_name) const
{
    auto property = PropertyNameAndID::from_name(property_name);
    if (!property.has_value())
        return {};
    if (auto style_property = get_property_internal(property.value()); style_property.has_value()) {
        return style_property->value->to_string(
            is_computed() ? SerializationMode::ResolvedValue
                          : SerializationMode::Normal);
    }
    return {};
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyledeclaration-getpropertypriority
StringView CSSStyleProperties::get_property_priority(FlyString const& property_name) const
{
    auto property_id = property_id_from_string(property_name);
    if (!property_id.has_value())
        return {};
    if (property_id.value() == PropertyID::Custom) {
        auto maybe_custom_property = custom_property(property_name);
        if (!maybe_custom_property.has_value())
            return {};
        return maybe_custom_property.value().important == Important::Yes ? "important"sv : ""sv;
    }
    auto maybe_property = get_property(property_id.value());
    if (!maybe_property.has_value())
        return {};
    return maybe_property->important == Important::Yes ? "important"sv : ""sv;
}

bool CSSStyleProperties::has_property(PropertyNameAndID const& property) const
{
    return get_property_internal(property).has_value();
}

bool CSSStyleProperties::has_property(PropertyID property_id) const
{
    return has_property(PropertyNameAndID::from_id(property_id));
}

RefPtr<StyleValue const> CSSStyleProperties::get_property_style_value(PropertyNameAndID const& property) const
{
    if (auto style_property = get_property_internal(property); style_property.has_value())
        return style_property->value;
    return nullptr;
}

RefPtr<StyleValue const> CSSStyleProperties::get_property_style_value(PropertyID property_id) const
{
    return get_property_style_value(PropertyNameAndID::from_id(property_id));
}

WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> CSSStyleProperties::set_property_style_value(PropertyNameAndID const& property, NonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const> style_value)
{
    if (is_computed()) {
        return WebIDL::NoModificationAllowedError::create(realm(), "Cannot modify properties in result of getComputedStyle()"_utf16);
    }

    if (property.is_custom_property()) {
        m_custom_properties.remove(property.name());
        m_custom_properties.set(property.name(),
            StyleProperty {
                Important::No,
                PropertyID::Custom,
                style_value });

        update_style_attribute();
        invalidate_owners(DOM::StyleInvalidationReason::CSSStylePropertiesSetPropertyStyleValue);

        return {};
    }

    // FIXME: This should have been rejected earlier, but property_accepts_type() is too basic for what we need.
    if (property_is_positional_value_list_shorthand(property.id())
        && !style_value->is_shorthand()
        && !style_value->is_unresolved()
        && !style_value->is_pending_substitution()
        && !style_value->is_guaranteed_invalid()
        && !style_value->is_css_wide_keyword()) {
        return WebIDL::SimpleException { WebIDL::SimpleExceptionType::TypeError, MUST(String::formatted("Setting {} to '{}' is not allowed.", property.name(), style_value->to_string(SerializationMode::Normal))) };
    }

    StyleComputer::for_each_property_expanding_shorthands(property.id(), style_value, [this](PropertyID longhand_id, StyleValue const& longhand_value) {
        m_properties.remove_first_matching([longhand_id](StyleProperty const& style_property) {
            return style_property.property_id == longhand_id;
        });
        m_properties.append(StyleProperty {
            .important = Important::No,
            .property_id = longhand_id,
            .value = longhand_value,
        });
    });

    update_style_attribute();
    invalidate_owners(DOM::StyleInvalidationReason::CSSStylePropertiesSetPropertyStyleValue);

    return {};
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyledeclaration-getpropertyvalue
Optional<StyleProperty> CSSStyleProperties::get_property_internal(PropertyNameAndID const& property) const
{
    // NB: This is our own method to get a StyleProperty, but following the algorithm for getPropertyValue() which
    //     returns a String. (This way, we can use the same logic in other places.) That's why the spec steps talk
    //     about strings and then we do something different.

    // 1. If property is not a custom property, follow these substeps:
    if (!property.is_custom_property()) {
        // 1. Let property be property converted to ASCII lowercase.
        // NB: Done already by PropertyNameAndID.

        // 2. If property is a shorthand property, then follow these substeps:
        if (property_is_shorthand(property.id())) {
            // 1. Let list be a new empty array.
            Vector<ValueComparingNonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const>> list;
            Optional<Important> last_important_flag;

            // 2. For each longhand property longhand that property maps to, in canonical order, follow these substeps:
            Vector<PropertyID> longhand_ids = longhands_for_shorthand(property.id());
            for (auto longhand_property_id : longhand_ids) {
                // 1. If longhand is a case-sensitive match for a property name of a CSS declaration in the declarations,
                //    let declaration be that CSS declaration, or null otherwise.
                auto declaration = get_property_internal(PropertyNameAndID::from_id(longhand_property_id));

                // 2. If declaration is null, then return the empty string.
                if (!declaration.has_value())
                    return {};

                // 3. Append the declaration to list.
                list.append(declaration->value);

                if (last_important_flag.has_value() && declaration->important != *last_important_flag)
                    return {};
                last_important_flag = declaration->important;
            }

            // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-5/#pending-substitution-value
            // If all of the component longhand properties for a given shorthand are pending-substitution values from
            // the same original shorthand value, the shorthand property must serialize to that original
            // (arbitrary substitution function-containing) value.
            // Otherwise, if any of the component longhand properties for a given shorthand are pending-substitution
            // values, or contain arbitrary substitution functions of their own that have not yet been substituted, the
            // shorthand property must serialize to the empty string.
            if (list.first()->is_pending_substitution()) {
                auto const& original_shorthand_value = list.first()->as_pending_substitution().original_shorthand_value();
                auto all_from_same_original = all_of(list, [&](auto const& value) {
                    return value->is_pending_substitution()
                        && &value->as_pending_substitution().original_shorthand_value() == &original_shorthand_value;
                });
                if (all_from_same_original) {
                    return StyleProperty {
                        .important = last_important_flag.value(),
                        .property_id = property.id(),
                        .value = original_shorthand_value,
                    };
                }
            }
            if (any_of(list, [](auto const& value) { return value->is_pending_substitution() || value->is_unresolved(); }))
                return {};

            // 3. If important flags of all declarations in list are same, then return the serialization of list.
            // NOTE: Currently we implement property-specific shorthand serialization in ShorthandStyleValue::to_string().
            return StyleProperty {
                .important = last_important_flag.value(),
                .property_id = property.id(),
                .value = ShorthandStyleValue::create(property.id(), longhand_ids, list),
            };

            // 4. Return the empty string.
            // NOTE: This is handled by the loop.
        }
    }

    // 2. If property is a case-sensitive match for a property name of a CSS declaration in the declarations, then
    //    return the result of invoking serialize a CSS value of that declaration.
    // 3. Return the empty string.
    return get_direct_property(property);
}

Optional<StyleProperty> CSSStyleProperties::get_direct_property(PropertyNameAndID const& property_name_and_id) const
{
    auto const property_id = property_name_and_id.id();

    if (is_computed()) {
        if (!owner_node().has_value())
            return {};

        auto abstract_element = *owner_node();

        // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-window-getcomputedstyle
        // NB: This is a partial enforcement of step 5:
        // If [...] elt is connected, part of the flat tree, and its shadow-including root has a browsing context which
        // either doesn't have a browsing context container, or whose browsing context container is being rendered.
        auto& element = abstract_element.element();
        if (!element.is_connected())
            return {};
        auto browsing_context = element.shadow_including_root().document().browsing_context();
        if (!browsing_context)
            return {};
        // FIXME: Check if the element is part of the flat tree.
        // FIXME: Check that the browsing context either doesn't have a browsing context container, or that its
        //        browsing context container is being rendered.

        // NB: We grab the layout node before deciding whether update_layout() is needed.
        //     For properties that don't need layout or a layout node (the else branch below),
        //     we skip update_layout() entirely and use whatever layout node already exists.
        //     For the other paths, we call update_layout() and re-fetch below.
        Layout::NodeWithStyle* layout_node = abstract_element.unsafe_layout_node();

        // Determine what work is needed for this property:
        // 1. Properties that need layout computation (used values) - always run update_layout()
        // 2. Properties that need a layout node for special resolution - ensure layout node exists
        // 3. Everything else - just update_style() and return computed value
        bool const needs_layout = property_needs_layout_for_getcomputedstyle(property_id);
        bool const needs_layout_node = property_needs_layout_node_for_resolved_value(property_id) || property_is_logical_alias(property_id) || property_is_shorthand(property_id);

        if (needs_layout || needs_layout_node) {
            // Properties that need layout computation or layout node for special resolution
            // always need update_layout() to ensure both style and layout tree are up to date.
            abstract_element.document().update_layout(DOM::UpdateLayoutReason::ResolvedCSSStyleDeclarationProperty);
            layout_node = abstract_element.layout_node();
        } else if (abstract_element.document().element_needs_style_update(abstract_element)) {
            // Just ensure styles are up to date.
            abstract_element.document().update_style();
        }

        // FIXME: Somehow get custom properties if there's no layout node.
        if (property_name_and_id.is_custom_property()) {
            if (auto maybe_value = abstract_element.get_custom_property(property_name_and_id.name())) {
                return StyleProperty {
                    .property_id = property_id,
                    .value = maybe_value.release_nonnull(),
                };
            }
            // Pseudo-elements may have no own custom-property data if the matching rule targeted the originating
            // element rather than the pseudo-element itself (for example `::slotted(...)`).
            // In that case, getComputedStyle(..., "::before") still needs to expose inherited custom properties from
            // the originating element.
            if (abstract_element.pseudo_element().has_value()) {
                if (auto inherit_from = abstract_element.element_to_inherit_style_from(); inherit_from.has_value()) {
                    if (auto maybe_value = inherit_from->get_custom_property(property_name_and_id.name())) {
                        return StyleProperty {
                            .property_id = property_id,
                            .value = maybe_value.release_nonnull(),
                        };
                    }
                }
            }
            // FIXME: Currently, to get the initial value for a registered custom property we have to look at the document.
            //        These should be cascaded like other properties.
            if (auto maybe_value = abstract_element.document().get_registered_custom_property(property_name_and_id.name()); maybe_value.has_value() && maybe_value->initial_value) {
                return StyleProperty {
                    .property_id = property_id,
                    .value = *maybe_value->initial_value,
                };
            }

            return {};
        }

        if (!layout_node) {
            // Seed the ancestor chain before this one-off style computation, so
            // ancestor-dependent selectors still match for no `layout_node`
            // queries (for example `.outer .inner .target`).
            auto style = abstract_element.document().style_computer().compute_style_with_seeded_ancestors(abstract_element);
            return StyleProperty {
                .property_id = property_id,
                .value = style->property(property_id),
            };
        }

        auto value = style_value_for_computed_property(*layout_node, property_id);
        if (!value)
            return {};
        return StyleProperty {
            .property_id = property_id,
            .value = *value,
        };
    }

    if (property_name_and_id.is_custom_property())
        return custom_property(property_name_and_id.name()).copy();

    for (auto const& property : m_properties) {
        if (property.property_id == property_id)
            return property;
    }
    return {};
}

static RefPtr<StyleValue const> resolve_color_style_value(StyleValue const& style_value, Color computed_color)
{
    if (style_value.is_color_function() && as<ColorFunctionStyleValue>(style_value).serializes_as_color_function())
        return style_value;
    if (style_value.is_color()) {
        auto& color_style_value = static_cast<ColorStyleValue const&>(style_value);
        if (auto color_type = color_style_value.color_type();
            color_type.has_value() && first_is_one_of(*color_type, ColorStyleValue::ColorType::Lab, ColorStyleValue::ColorType::OKLab, ColorStyleValue::ColorType::LCH, ColorStyleValue::ColorType::OKLCH))
            return style_value;
    }

    return ColorStyleValue::create_from_color(computed_color, ColorSyntax::Modern);
}

RefPtr<StyleValue const> CSSStyleProperties::style_value_for_computed_property(Layout::NodeWithStyle const& layout_node, PropertyID property_id) const
{
    if (!owner_node().has_value()) {
        dbgln_if(LIBWEB_CSS_DEBUG, "Computed style for CSSStyleProperties without owner node was requested");
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto used_value_for_property = [&layout_node, property_id](Function<CSSPixels(Painting::PaintableBox const&)>&& used_value_getter) -> Optional<CSSPixels> {
        auto const& display = layout_node.computed_values().display();
        if (!display.is_none() && !display.is_contents()) {
            auto first_paintable = layout_node.first_paintable();
            if (auto const* paintable_box = as_if<Painting::PaintableBox>(first_paintable.ptr()))
                return used_value_getter(*paintable_box);
            if (first_paintable)
                dbgln("FIXME: Support getting used value for property `{}` on {}", string_from_property_id(property_id), layout_node.debug_description());
        }
        return {};
    };

    auto used_size_for_property = [&layout_node, &used_value_for_property]<typename ContentBoxGetter, typename BorderBoxGetter>(ContentBoxGetter content_box_getter, BorderBoxGetter border_box_getter) -> Optional<CSSPixels> {
        return used_value_for_property([&layout_node, content_box_getter, border_box_getter](Painting::PaintableBox const& paintable_box) {
            if (layout_node.computed_values().box_sizing() == BoxSizing::BorderBox)
                return border_box_getter(paintable_box);
            return content_box_getter(paintable_box);
        });
    };

    auto& element = owner_node()->element();
    auto pseudo_element = owner_node()->pseudo_element();

    auto used_value_for_inset = [&layout_node, used_value_for_property](LengthPercentageOrAuto const& start_side, LengthPercentageOrAuto const& end_side, Function<CSSPixels(Painting::PaintableBox const&)>&& used_value_getter) -> Optional<CSSPixels> {
        if (!layout_node.is_positioned())
            return {};

        // FIXME: Support getting the used value when position is sticky.
        if (layout_node.is_sticky_position())
            return {};

        if (!start_side.is_percentage() && !start_side.is_calculated() && !start_side.is_auto() && !end_side.is_auto())
            return {};

        return used_value_for_property(move(used_value_getter));
    };

    auto get_computed_value = [&element, pseudo_element](PropertyID property_id) -> auto const& {
        return element.computed_properties(pseudo_element)->property(property_id);
    };

    if (property_is_logical_alias(property_id)) {
        auto computed_properties = element.computed_properties(pseudo_element);
        return style_value_for_computed_property(
            layout_node,
            map_logical_alias_to_physical_property(property_id, LogicalAliasMappingContext { computed_properties->writing_mode(), computed_properties->direction() }));
    }

    // A limited number of properties have special rules for producing their "resolved value".
    // We also have to manually construct shorthands from their longhands here.
    // Everything else uses the computed value.
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values

    // AD-HOC: We don't resolve logical properties here as we have already handled above
    // The resolved value for a given longhand property can be determined as follows:
    switch (property_id) {
        // -> background-color
        // -> border-block-end-color
        // -> border-block-start-color
        // -> border-bottom-color
        // -> border-inline-end-color
        // -> border-inline-start-color
        // -> border-left-color
        // -> border-right-color
        // -> border-top-color
        // -> box-shadow
        // -> caret-color
        // -> color
        // -> outline-color
        // -> A resolved value special case property like color defined in another specification
        //    The resolved value is the used value.
    case PropertyID::BackgroundColor:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().background_color());
    case PropertyID::BorderBottomColor:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().border_bottom().color);
    case PropertyID::BorderLeftColor:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().border_left().color);
    case PropertyID::BorderRightColor:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().border_right().color);
    case PropertyID::BorderTopColor:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().border_top().color);
    case PropertyID::BoxShadow:
        return style_value_for_shadow(ShadowStyleValue::ShadowType::Normal, layout_node.computed_values().box_shadow());
    case PropertyID::CaretColor:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().caret_color());
    case PropertyID::Color:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().color());
    case PropertyID::OutlineColor:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().outline_color());
    case PropertyID::TextDecorationColor:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().text_decoration_color());
        // NB: text-shadow isn't listed, but is computed the same as box-shadow.
    case PropertyID::TextShadow:
        return style_value_for_shadow(ShadowStyleValue::ShadowType::Text, layout_node.computed_values().text_shadow());

        // -> line-height
        //    The resolved value is normal if the computed value is normal, or the used value otherwise.
    case PropertyID::LineHeight: {
        auto const& line_height = get_computed_value(property_id);
        if (line_height.is_keyword() && line_height.to_keyword() == Keyword::Normal)
            return line_height;
        return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(layout_node.computed_values().line_height()));
    }

        // -> block-size
        // -> height
        // -> inline-size
        // -> margin-block-end
        // -> margin-block-start
        // -> margin-bottom
        // -> margin-inline-end
        // -> margin-inline-start
        // -> margin-left
        // -> margin-right
        // -> margin-top
        // -> padding-block-end
        // -> padding-block-start
        // -> padding-bottom
        // -> padding-inline-end
        // -> padding-inline-start
        // -> padding-left
        // -> padding-right
        // -> padding-top
        // -> width
        // If the property applies to the element or pseudo-element and the resolved value of the
        // display property is not none or contents, then the resolved value is the used value.
        // Otherwise the resolved value is the computed value.
    case PropertyID::Height: {
        auto maybe_used_height = used_size_for_property(
            [](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.content_height(); },
            [](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.absolute_border_box_rect().height(); });
        if (maybe_used_height.has_value())
            return style_value_for_size(Size::make_px(maybe_used_height.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_size(layout_node.computed_values().height());
    }
    case PropertyID::MarginBottom:
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_property([](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().margin.bottom; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(layout_node.computed_values().margin().bottom());
    case PropertyID::MarginLeft:
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_property([](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().margin.left; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(layout_node.computed_values().margin().left());
    case PropertyID::MarginRight:
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_property([](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().margin.right; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(layout_node.computed_values().margin().right());
    case PropertyID::MarginTop:
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_property([](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().margin.top; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(layout_node.computed_values().margin().top());
    case PropertyID::PaddingBottom:
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_property([](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().padding.bottom; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(layout_node.computed_values().padding().bottom());
    case PropertyID::PaddingLeft:
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_property([](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().padding.left; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(layout_node.computed_values().padding().left());
    case PropertyID::PaddingRight:
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_property([](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().padding.right; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(layout_node.computed_values().padding().right());
    case PropertyID::PaddingTop:
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_property([](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().padding.top; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(layout_node.computed_values().padding().top());
    case PropertyID::Width: {
        auto maybe_used_width = used_size_for_property(
            [](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.content_width(); },
            [](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.absolute_border_box_rect().width(); });
        if (maybe_used_width.has_value())
            return style_value_for_size(Size::make_px(maybe_used_width.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_size(layout_node.computed_values().width());
    }

        // -> bottom
        // -> left
        // -> inset-block-end
        // -> inset-block-start
        // -> inset-inline-end
        // -> inset-inline-start
        // -> right
        // -> top
        // -> A resolved value special case property like top defined in another specification
        //    If the property applies to a positioned element and the resolved value of the display property is not
        //    none or contents, and the property is not over-constrained, then the resolved value is the used value.
        //    Otherwise the resolved value is the computed value.
    case PropertyID::Bottom: {
        auto& inset = layout_node.computed_values().inset();
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_inset(inset.bottom(), inset.top(), [](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().inset.bottom; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));

        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(inset.bottom());
    }
    case PropertyID::Left: {
        auto& inset = layout_node.computed_values().inset();
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_inset(inset.left(), inset.right(), [](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().inset.left; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));
        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(inset.left());
    }
    case PropertyID::Right: {
        auto& inset = layout_node.computed_values().inset();
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_inset(inset.right(), inset.left(), [](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().inset.right; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));

        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(inset.right());
    }
    case PropertyID::Top: {
        auto& inset = layout_node.computed_values().inset();
        if (auto maybe_used_value = used_value_for_inset(inset.top(), inset.bottom(), [](auto const& paintable_box) { return paintable_box.box_model().inset.top; }); maybe_used_value.has_value())
            return LengthStyleValue::create(Length::make_px(maybe_used_value.release_value()));

        return style_value_for_length_percentage_or_auto(inset.top());
    }

        // -> A resolved value special case property defined in another specification
        //    As defined in the relevant specification.
    case PropertyID::Transform: {
        auto transformations = layout_node.computed_values().transformations();
        if (transformations.is_empty())
            return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::None);

        // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-transforms-2/#serialization-of-the-computed-value
        // The transform property is a resolved value special case property. [CSSOM]
        // When the computed value is a <transform-list>, the resolved value is one <matrix()> function or one <matrix3d()> function computed by the following algorithm:
        // 1. Let transform be a 4x4 matrix initialized to the identity matrix.
        //    The elements m11, m22, m33 and m44 of transform must be set to 1; all other elements of transform must be set to 0.
        auto transform = FloatMatrix4x4::identity();

        // 2. Post-multiply all <transform-function>s in <transform-list> to transform.
        auto first_paintable = layout_node.first_paintable();
        VERIFY(first_paintable);
        auto const& paintable_box = as<Painting::PaintableBox const>(*first_paintable);
        for (auto const& transformation : transformations) {
            transform = transform * transformation->to_matrix(paintable_box).release_value();
        }

        // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-transforms-1/#2d-matrix
        auto is_2d_matrix = [](Gfx::FloatMatrix4x4 const& matrix) -> bool {
            // A 3x2 transformation matrix,
            // or a 4x4 matrix where the items m31, m32, m13, m23, m43, m14, m24, m34 are equal to 0
            // and m33, m44 are equal to 1.
            // NB: We only care about 4x4 matrices here.
            // NB: Our elements are 0-indexed not 1-indexed, and in the opposite order.
            // NB: We use epsilon comparisons here to account for inaccuracies when doing trigonometric calculations.
            if (abs(matrix[0, 2]) > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()     // m31
                || abs(matrix[1, 2]) > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()  // m32
                || abs(matrix[2, 0]) > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()  // m13
                || abs(matrix[2, 1]) > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()  // m23
                || abs(matrix[2, 3]) > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()  // m43
                || abs(matrix[3, 0]) > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()  // m14
                || abs(matrix[3, 1]) > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()  // m24
                || abs(matrix[3, 2]) > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()) // m34
                return false;

            if (abs(matrix[2, 2]) - 1 > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()     // m33
                || abs(matrix[3, 3]) - 1 > AK::NumericLimits<float>::epsilon()) // m44
                return false;

            return true;
        };

        // 3. Chose between <matrix()> or <matrix3d()> serialization:
        // -> If transform is a 2D matrix
        //        Serialize transform to a <matrix()> function.
        if (is_2d_matrix(transform)) {
            StyleValueVector parameters {
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[0, 0]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[1, 0]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[0, 1]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[1, 1]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[0, 3]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[1, 3]),
            };
            return TransformationStyleValue::create(PropertyID::Transform, TransformFunction::Matrix, move(parameters));
        }
        // -> Otherwise
        //        Serialize transform to a <matrix3d()> function.
        else {
            StyleValueVector parameters {
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[0, 0]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[1, 0]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[2, 0]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[3, 0]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[0, 1]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[1, 1]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[2, 1]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[3, 1]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[0, 2]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[1, 2]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[2, 2]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[3, 2]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[0, 3]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[1, 3]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[2, 3]),
                NumberStyleValue::create(transform[3, 3]),
            };
            return TransformationStyleValue::create(PropertyID::Transform, TransformFunction::Matrix3d, move(parameters));
        }
    }
    case PropertyID::AnimationDuration: {
        // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-animations-2/#animation-duration
        // For backwards-compatibility with Level 1, when the computed value of animation-timeline is auto (i.e. only
        // one list value, and that value being auto), the resolved value of auto for animation-duration is 0s whenever
        // its used value would also be 0s.
        auto const& animation_timeline_computed_value = get_computed_value(PropertyID::AnimationTimeline);
        auto const& animation_duration_computed_value = get_computed_value(PropertyID::AnimationDuration);

        if (animation_timeline_computed_value.as_value_list().size() == 1 && animation_timeline_computed_value.as_value_list().values()[0]->to_keyword() == Keyword::Auto) {
            StyleValueVector resolved_durations;

            for (auto const& duration : animation_duration_computed_value.as_value_list().values()) {
                if (duration->to_keyword() == Keyword::Auto) {
                    resolved_durations.append(TimeStyleValue::create(Time::make_seconds(0)));
                } else {
                    resolved_durations.append(duration);
                }
            }

            return StyleValueList::create(move(resolved_durations), StyleValueList::Separator::Comma);
        }

        return animation_duration_computed_value;
    }
        // If the border-style corresponding to a given border-width is none or hidden, then the used width is 0.
        // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds/#border-width
        // NB: We do this adjustment when assigning to ComputedValues, so read from there.
    case PropertyID::BorderBottomWidth:
        return style_value_for_size(Size::make_px(layout_node.computed_values().border_bottom().width));
    case PropertyID::BorderLeftWidth:
        return style_value_for_size(Size::make_px(layout_node.computed_values().border_left().width));
    case PropertyID::BorderRightWidth:
        return style_value_for_size(Size::make_px(layout_node.computed_values().border_right().width));
    case PropertyID::BorderTopWidth:
        return style_value_for_size(Size::make_px(layout_node.computed_values().border_top().width));

        // -> Any other property
        //    The resolved value is the computed value.
    case PropertyID::Contain: {
        auto const& contain = layout_node.computed_values().contain();
        if (contain.layout_containment && contain.style_containment && contain.paint_containment) {
            if (contain.size_containment)
                return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::Strict);
            if (!contain.inline_size_containment)
                return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::Content);
        }

        return get_computed_value(property_id);
    }
    case PropertyID::WebkitTextFillColor:
        return resolve_color_style_value(get_computed_value(property_id), layout_node.computed_values().webkit_text_fill_color());
    case PropertyID::LetterSpacing: {
        // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-4/#letter-spacing-property
        // For legacy reasons, a computed letter-spacing of zero yields a resolved value (getComputedStyle() return value) of normal.
        if (layout_node.computed_values().letter_spacing() == 0)
            return KeywordStyleValue::create(Keyword::Normal);
        return get_computed_value(property_id);
    }
    case PropertyID::Custom:
        dbgln_if(LIBWEB_CSS_DEBUG, "Computed style for custom properties was requested (?)");
        return nullptr;
    default:
        // For grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows the resolved value is the used value.
        // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-grid-2/#resolved-track-list-standalone
        if (property_id == PropertyID::GridTemplateColumns) {
            if (auto first_paintable = layout_node.first_paintable(); auto const* paintable_box = as_if<Painting::PaintableBox>(first_paintable.ptr())) {
                if (auto used_values_for_grid_template_columns = paintable_box->used_values_for_grid_template_columns()) {
                    return used_values_for_grid_template_columns;
                }
            }
        } else if (property_id == PropertyID::GridTemplateRows) {
            if (auto first_paintable = layout_node.first_paintable(); auto const* paintable_box = as_if<Painting::PaintableBox>(first_paintable.ptr())) {
                if (auto used_values_for_grid_template_rows = paintable_box->used_values_for_grid_template_rows()) {
                    return used_values_for_grid_template_rows;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!property_is_shorthand(property_id))
            return get_computed_value(property_id);

        // Handle shorthands in a generic way
        auto longhand_ids = longhands_for_shorthand(property_id);
        StyleValueVector longhand_values;
        longhand_values.ensure_capacity(longhand_ids.size());
        for (auto longhand_id : longhand_ids)
            longhand_values.append(style_value_for_computed_property(layout_node, longhand_id).release_nonnull());
        return ShorthandStyleValue::create(property_id, move(longhand_ids), move(longhand_values));
    }
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyledeclaration-removeproperty
WebIDL::ExceptionOr<String> CSSStyleProperties::remove_property(FlyString const& property_name)
{
    return remove_property_internal(PropertyNameAndID::from_name(property_name));
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyledeclaration-removeproperty
WebIDL::ExceptionOr<String> CSSStyleProperties::remove_property_internal(Optional<PropertyNameAndID> const& property)
{
    // 1. If the readonly flag is set, then throw a NoModificationAllowedError exception.
    if (is_readonly())
        return WebIDL::NoModificationAllowedError::create(realm(), "Cannot remove property: CSSStyleProperties is read-only."_utf16);

    // 2. If property is not a custom property, let property be property converted to ASCII lowercase.
    // NB: Already done by creating a PropertyNameAndID.

    // NB: The spec doesn't reject invalid property names, it just lets them pass through.
    //     Attempting to remove a non-existent property is a no-op, so we can just skip over this section.
    String value;
    if (property.has_value()) {
        // 3. Let value be the return value of invoking getPropertyValue() with property as argument.
        // FIXME: Add an overload that takes PropertyNameAndID?
        value = get_property_value(property->name());

        Function<bool(PropertyNameAndID const&)> remove_declaration = [&](PropertyNameAndID const& property_to_remove) {
            // 4. Let removed be false.
            bool removed = false;

            // 5. If property is a shorthand property, for each longhand property longhand that property maps to:
            if (property_is_shorthand(property_to_remove.id())) {
                for (auto longhand_property_id : longhands_for_shorthand(property_to_remove.id())) {
                    // 1. If longhand is not a property name of a CSS declaration in the declarations, continue.
                    // 2. Remove that CSS declaration and let removed be true.
                    removed |= remove_declaration(PropertyNameAndID::from_id(longhand_property_id));
                }
            } else {
                // 6. Otherwise, if property is a case-sensitive match for a property name of a CSS declaration in the declarations, remove that CSS declaration and let removed be true.
                if (property_to_remove.is_custom_property()) {
                    removed = m_custom_properties.remove(property_to_remove.name());
                } else {
                    removed = m_properties.remove_first_matching([&](auto& entry) { return entry.property_id == property_to_remove.id(); });
                }
            }

            return removed;
        };

        auto removed = remove_declaration(property.value());

        // 7. If removed is true, Update style attribute for the CSS declaration block.
        if (removed) {
            update_style_attribute();

            // Non-standard: Invalidate style for the owners of our containing sheet, if any.
            invalidate_owners(DOM::StyleInvalidationReason::CSSStylePropertiesRemoveProperty);
        }
    }

    // 8. Return value.
    return value;
}

WebIDL::ExceptionOr<String> CSSStyleProperties::remove_property(PropertyID property_name)
{
    return remove_property_internal(PropertyNameAndID::from_id(property_name));
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyleproperties-cssfloat
String CSSStyleProperties::css_float() const
{
    // The cssFloat attribute, on getting, must return the result of invoking getPropertyValue() with float as argument.
    return get_property_value("float"_fly_string);
}

WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> CSSStyleProperties::set_css_float(StringView value)
{
    // On setting, the attribute must invoke setProperty() with float as first argument, as second argument the given value,
    // and no third argument. Any exceptions thrown must be re-thrown.
    return set_property("float"_fly_string, value, ""sv);
}

// https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom/#serialize-a-css-declaration-block
String CSSStyleProperties::serialized() const
{
    // 1. Let list be an empty array.
    Vector<String> list;

    // 2. Let already serialized be an empty array.
    HashTable<PropertyID> already_serialized;

    Function<void(PropertyID)> append_property_to_already_serialized = [&](auto property) {
        already_serialized.set(property);

        // AD-HOC: The spec assumes that we only store values against expanded longhands, there are however limited
        //         circumstances where we store against shorthands directly in addition to the expanded longhands. For
        //         example if the value of the shorthand is unresolved we store an UnresolvedStyleValue against the
        //         shorthand directly and a PendingSubstitutionStyleValue against each of the longhands. In the case we
        //         serialize a shorthand directly we should also mark it's longhands as serialized to avoid serializing
        //         them separately.
        if (property_is_shorthand(property)) {
            for (auto longhand : longhands_for_shorthand(property))
                append_property_to_already_serialized(longhand);
        }
    };

    // NB: The spec treats custom properties the same as any other property, and expects the above loop to handle them.
    //       However, our implementation separates them from regular properties, so we need to handle them separately here.
    // FIXME: Is the relative order of custom properties and regular properties supposed to be preserved?
    for (auto const& declaration : m_custom_properties) {
        // 1. Let property be declaration’s property name.
        auto const& property = declaration.key;

        // 2. If property is in already serialized, continue with the steps labeled declaration loop.
        // NB: It is never in already serialized, as there are no shorthands for custom properties.

        // 3. If property maps to one or more shorthand properties, let shorthands be an array of those shorthand properties, in preferred order.
        // NB: There are no shorthands for custom properties.

        // 4. Shorthand loop: For each shorthand in shorthands, follow these substeps: ...
        // NB: There are no shorthands for custom properties.

        // 5. Let value be the result of invoking serialize a CSS value of declaration.
        auto value = declaration.value.value->to_string(Web::CSS::SerializationMode::Normal);

        // 6. Let serialized declaration be the result of invoking serialize a CSS declaration with property name property, value value,
        //    and the important flag set if declaration has its important flag set.
        // NB: We have to inline this here as the actual implementation does not accept custom properties.
        String serialized_declaration = serialize_a_css_declaration(property, value, declaration.value.important);

        // 7. Append serialized declaration to list.
        list.append(move(serialized_declaration));

        // 8. Append property to already serialized.
        // NB: We don't need to do this, as we don't have shorthands for custom properties.
    }

    // 3. Declaration loop: For each CSS declaration declaration in declaration block’s declarations, follow these substeps:
    for (auto& declaration : m_properties) {
        // 1. Let property be declaration’s property name.
        auto property = declaration.property_id;

        // 2. If property is in already serialized, continue with the steps labeled declaration loop.
        if (already_serialized.contains(property))
            continue;

        // 3. If property maps to one or more shorthand properties, let shorthands be an array of those shorthand properties, in preferred order.
        if (property_maps_to_shorthand(property)) {
            auto shorthands = shorthands_for_longhand(property);

            // 4. Shorthand loop: For each shorthand in shorthands, follow these substeps:
            for (auto shorthand : shorthands) {
                // 1. Let longhands be an array consisting of all CSS declarations in declaration block’s declarations
                //    that are not in already serialized and have a property name that maps to one of the shorthand
                //    properties in shorthands.
                Vector<StyleProperty> longhands;

                for (auto const& longhand_declaration : m_properties) {
                    if (!already_serialized.contains(longhand_declaration.property_id) && shorthands_for_longhand(longhand_declaration.property_id).contains_slow(shorthand))
                        longhands.append(longhand_declaration);
                }

                // 2. If not all properties that map to shorthand are present in longhands, continue with the steps labeled shorthand loop.
                if (any_of(expanded_longhands_for_shorthand(shorthand), [&](auto longhand_id) { return !any_of(longhands, [&](auto const& longhand_declaration) { return longhand_declaration.property_id == longhand_id; }); }))
                    continue;

                // 3. Let current longhands be an empty array.
                Vector<StyleProperty> current_longhands;

                // 4. Append all CSS declarations in longhands that have a property name that maps to shorthand to current longhands.
                for (auto const& longhand : longhands) {
                    if (shorthands_for_longhand(longhand.property_id).contains_slow(shorthand))
                        current_longhands.append(longhand);
                }

                // 5. If there are one or more CSS declarations in current longhands have their important flag set and
                //    one or more with it unset, continue with the steps labeled shorthand loop.
                auto all_declarations_have_same_important_flag = true;

                for (size_t i = 1; i < current_longhands.size(); ++i) {
                    if (current_longhands[i].important != current_longhands[0].important) {
                        all_declarations_have_same_important_flag = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!all_declarations_have_same_important_flag)
                    continue;

                // 6. If there is any declaration in declaration block in between the first and the last longhand
                //    in current longhands which belongs to the same logical property group, but has a different
                //    mapping logic as any of the longhands in current longhands, and is not in current
                //    longhands, continue with the steps labeled shorthand loop.
                auto first_current_longhand_index = m_properties.find_first_index_if([&](StyleProperty const& current_declaration) { return current_declaration.property_id == current_longhands[0].property_id; });
                auto last_current_longhand_index = m_properties.find_first_index_if([&](StyleProperty const& current_declaration) { return current_declaration.property_id == current_longhands[current_longhands.size() - 1].property_id; });

                VERIFY(first_current_longhand_index.has_value());
                VERIFY(last_current_longhand_index.has_value());

                bool should_continue = false;

                for (auto current_declaration_index = first_current_longhand_index.value(); current_declaration_index <= last_current_longhand_index.value(); ++current_declaration_index) {
                    // NB: Declaration is in current longhands
                    if (any_of(current_longhands, [&](auto const& current_longhand) { return current_longhand.property_id == m_properties[current_declaration_index].property_id; }))
                        continue;

                    auto logical_property_group_for_current_declaration = logical_property_group_for_property(m_properties[current_declaration_index].property_id);

                    if (!logical_property_group_for_current_declaration.has_value())
                        continue;

                    auto current_declaration_is_logical_alias = property_is_logical_alias(m_properties[current_declaration_index].property_id);

                    // NB: Declaration has any counterpart in current longhands with same logical property group but different mapping logic
                    if (any_of(current_longhands, [&](auto const& current_longhand) { return logical_property_group_for_property(current_longhand.property_id) == logical_property_group_for_current_declaration && property_is_logical_alias(current_longhand.property_id) != current_declaration_is_logical_alias; })) {
                        should_continue = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (should_continue)
                    continue;

                // 7. Let value be the result of invoking serialize a CSS value with current longhands.
                auto value = serialize_a_css_value(current_longhands);

                // 8. If value is the empty string, continue with the steps labeled shorthand loop.
                if (value.is_empty())
                    continue;

                // 9. Let serialized declaration be the result of invoking serialize a CSS declaration with property
                //    name shorthand, value value, and the important flag set if the CSS declarations in current
                //    longhands have their important flag set.
                auto serialized_declaration = serialize_a_css_declaration(string_from_property_id(shorthand), move(value), current_longhands.first().important);

                // 10. Append serialized declaration to list.
                list.append(move(serialized_declaration));

                // 11. Append the property names of all items of current longhands to already serialized.
                for (auto const& longhand : current_longhands)
                    append_property_to_already_serialized(longhand.property_id);

                // 12. Continue with the steps labeled declaration loop.
            }
        }

        // FIXME: File spec issue that this should only be run if we haven't serialized this declaration in the above shorthand loop.
        if (!already_serialized.contains(declaration.property_id)) {
            // 5. Let value be the result of invoking serialize a CSS value of declaration.
            auto value = serialize_a_css_value(declaration);

            // 6. Let serialized declaration be the result of invoking serialize a CSS declaration with property name property, value value,
            //    and the important flag set if declaration has its important flag set.
            auto serialized_declaration = serialize_a_css_declaration(string_from_property_id(property), move(value), declaration.important);

            // 7. Append serialized declaration to list.
            list.append(move(serialized_declaration));

            // 8. Append property to already serialized.
            append_property_to_already_serialized(declaration.property_id);
        }
    }

    // 4. Return list joined with " " (U+0020).
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.join(' ', list);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

// https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom/#serialize-a-css-value
String CSSStyleProperties::serialize_a_css_value(StyleProperty const& declaration) const
{
    // 1. If If this algorithm is invoked with a list list:
    // NOTE: This is handled in other other overload of this method

    // 2. Represent the value of the declaration as a list of CSS component values components that, when parsed
    //    according to the property’s grammar, would represent that value. Additionally:
    //    - If certain component values can appear in any order without changing the meaning of the value (a pattern
    //      typically represented by a double bar || in the value syntax), reorder the component values to use the
    //      canonical order of component values as given in the property definition table.
    //    - If component values can be omitted or replaced with a shorter representation without changing the meaning
    //      of the value, omit/replace them.
    //    - If either of the above syntactic translations would be less backwards-compatible, do not perform them.

    // Spec Note: The rules described here outlines the general principles of serialization. For legacy reasons, some
    //            properties serialize in a different manner, which is intentionally undefined here due to lack of
    //            resources. Please consult your local reverse-engineer for details.

    // 3. Remove any <whitespace-token>s from components.
    // 4. Replace each component value in components with the result of invoking serialize a CSS component value.
    // 5. Join the items of components into a single string, inserting " " (U+0020 SPACE) between each pair of items
    //    unless the second item is a "," (U+002C COMMA) Return the result.

    // AD-HOC: As the spec is vague we don't follow it exactly here.
    return declaration.value->to_string(Web::CSS::SerializationMode::Normal);
}

// https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom/#serialize-a-css-value
String CSSStyleProperties::serialize_a_css_value(Vector<StyleProperty> list) const
{
    if (list.is_empty())
        return String {};

    // 1. Let shorthand be the first shorthand property, in preferred order, that exactly maps to all of the longhand properties in list.
    Optional<PropertyID> shorthand = shorthands_for_longhand(list.first().property_id).first_matching([&](PropertyID shorthand) {
        auto longhands_for_potential_shorthand = expanded_longhands_for_shorthand(shorthand);

        // The potential shorthand exactly maps to all of the longhand properties in list if:
        // a. The number of longhand properties in the list is equal to the number of longhand properties that the potential shorthand maps to.
        if (longhands_for_potential_shorthand.size() != list.size())
            return false;

        // b. All longhand properties in the list are contained in the list of longhands for the potential shorthand.
        return all_of(longhands_for_potential_shorthand, [&](auto longhand) { return any_of(list, [&](auto const& declaration) { return declaration.property_id == longhand; }); });
    });

    // 2. If there is no such shorthand or shorthand cannot exactly represent the values of all the properties in list, return the empty string.
    if (!shorthand.has_value())
        return String {};

    // 3. Otherwise, serialize a CSS value from a hypothetical declaration of the property shorthand with its value representing the combined values of the declarations in list.
    Function<ValueComparingNonnullRefPtr<ShorthandStyleValue const>(PropertyID)> make_shorthand_value = [&](PropertyID shorthand_id) {
        auto longhand_ids = longhands_for_shorthand(shorthand_id);
        Vector<ValueComparingNonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const>> longhand_values;

        for (auto longhand_id : longhand_ids) {
            if (property_is_shorthand(longhand_id))
                longhand_values.append(make_shorthand_value(longhand_id));
            else
                longhand_values.append(list.first_matching([&](auto declaration) { return declaration.property_id == longhand_id; })->value);
        }

        return ShorthandStyleValue::create(shorthand_id, longhand_ids, longhand_values);
    };

    return make_shorthand_value(shorthand.value())->to_string(SerializationMode::Normal);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#dom-cssstyledeclaration-csstext
WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> CSSStyleProperties::set_css_text(StringView css_text)
{
    // 1. If the readonly flag is set, then throw a NoModificationAllowedError exception.
    if (is_readonly()) {
        return WebIDL::NoModificationAllowedError::create(realm(), "Cannot modify properties: CSSStyleProperties is read-only."_utf16);
    }

    // 2. Empty the declarations.
    // 3. Parse the given value and, if the return value is not the empty list, insert the items in the list into the declarations, in specified order.
    set_declarations_from_text(css_text);

    // 4. Update style attribute for the CSS declaration block.
    update_style_attribute();

    // Non-standard: Invalidate style for the owners of our containing sheet, if any.
    invalidate_owners(DOM::StyleInvalidationReason::CSSStylePropertiesTextChange);

    return {};
}

void CSSStyleProperties::invalidate_owners(DOM::StyleInvalidationReason reason)
{
    if (auto rule = parent_rule()) {
        if (auto sheet = rule->parent_style_sheet()) {
            if (rule->type() == CSSRule::Type::Style || rule->type() == CSSRule::Type::NestedDeclarations) {
                invalidate_style_for_style_sheet_owners(*sheet, reason, ShouldInvalidateRuleCache::No);
                return;
            }

            sheet->invalidate_owners(reason);
        }
    }
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#set-a-css-declaration
bool CSSStyleProperties::set_a_css_declaration(PropertyID property_id, NonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const> value, Important important)
{
    VERIFY(!is_computed());

    // NOTE: The below algorithm is only suggested rather than required by the spec
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#example-a40690cb
    // 1. If property is a case-sensitive match for a property name of a CSS declaration in declarations, follow these substeps:
    auto maybe_target_index = m_properties.find_first_index_if([&](auto declaration) { return declaration.property_id == property_id; });

    if (maybe_target_index.has_value()) {
        // 1. Let target declaration be such CSS declaration.
        auto target_declaration = m_properties[maybe_target_index.value()];

        // 2. Let needs append be false.
        bool needs_append = false;

        auto logical_property_group_for_set_property = logical_property_group_for_property(property_id);

        // NOTE: If the property of the declaration being set has no logical property group then it's not possible for
        //       one of the later declarations to share that logical property group so we can skip checking.
        if (logical_property_group_for_set_property.has_value()) {
            auto set_property_is_logical_alias = property_is_logical_alias(property_id);

            // 3. For each declaration in declarations after target declaration:
            for (size_t i = maybe_target_index.value() + 1; i < m_properties.size(); ++i) {
                // 1. If declaration’s property name is not in the same logical property group as property, then continue.
                if (logical_property_group_for_property(m_properties[i].property_id) != logical_property_group_for_set_property)
                    continue;

                // 2. If declaration’ property name has the same mapping logic as property, then continue.
                if (property_is_logical_alias(m_properties[i].property_id) == set_property_is_logical_alias)
                    continue;

                // 3. Let needs append be true.
                needs_append = true;

                // 4. Break.
                break;
            }
        }

        // 4. If needs append is false, then:
        if (!needs_append) {
            // 1. Let needs update be false.
            bool needs_update = false;

            // 2. If target declaration’s value is not equal to component value list, then let needs update be true.
            if (*target_declaration.value != *value)
                needs_update = true;

            // 3. If target declaration’s important flag is not equal to whether important flag is set, then let needs update be true.
            if (target_declaration.important != important)
                needs_update = true;

            // 4. If needs update is false, then return false.
            if (!needs_update)
                return false;

            // 5. Set target declaration’s value to component value list.
            m_properties[maybe_target_index.value()].value = move(value);

            // 6. If important flag is set, then set target declaration’s important flag, otherwise unset it.
            m_properties[maybe_target_index.value()].important = important;

            // 7. Return true.
            return true;
        }

        // 5. Otherwise, remove target declaration from declarations.
        m_properties.remove(maybe_target_index.value());
    }

    // 2. Append a new CSS declaration with property name property, value component value list, and important flag set
    //    if important flag is set to declarations.
    m_properties.append(StyleProperty {
        .important = important,
        .property_id = property_id,
        .value = move(value),
    });

    // 3. Return true
    return true;
}

void CSSStyleProperties::empty_the_declarations()
{
    m_properties.clear();
    m_custom_properties.clear();
}

void CSSStyleProperties::set_the_declarations(Vector<StyleProperty> properties, OrderedHashMap<FlyString, StyleProperty> custom_properties)
{
    m_properties = convert_declarations_to_specified_order(properties);
    m_custom_properties = move(custom_properties);
}

void CSSStyleProperties::set_declarations_from_text(StringView css_text)
{
    empty_the_declarations();
    auto parsing_params = owner_node().has_value()
        ? Parser::ParsingParams(owner_node()->element().document())
        : Parser::ParsingParams();
    parsing_params.rule_context.append(Parser::RuleContext::Style);

    auto style = parse_css_property_declaration_block(parsing_params, css_text);
    set_the_declarations(style.properties, style.custom_properties);
}

}